Abstract | INTRODUCTION: Adoptive cell therapy of malignant diseases takes advantage of the cellular immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This is impressively demonstrated by redirecting T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) towards CD19, inducing complete and lasting remission of leukemia in more than two-thirds of patients in early phase trials. AREAS COVERED: We outline how the CAR strategy is highly specific in redirecting T cells towards pre-defined target cells, however, reaches its limits when targeting solid tumors with a tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity. After initial tumor reduction by CAR T cells, antigen-negative cancer cells not recognized by CAR may give rise to tumor relapse. The situation may be overcome by CAR-mediated activation of T cells in the tumor, releasing inducible IL-12 which augments T-cell activation and attracts and activates innate immune cells to eliminate antigen-negative cancer cells in the targeted lesion. EXPERT OPINION: CAR T cells with a transgenic 'payload', so-called TRUCK T cells or the 'fourth-generation' CAR T cells, are worthwhile to explore to shape the tumor environment by the inducible release of transgenic immune modifiers. Such TRUCK T cells are moreover envisioned to be applied in fields beyond cancer therapy including the therapy of virus infections, auto- immune diseases or metabolic disorders.
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Authors | Markus Chmielewski, Hinrich Abken |
Journal | Expert opinion on biological therapy
(Expert Opin Biol Ther)
Vol. 15
Issue 8
Pg. 1145-54
( 2015)
ISSN: 1744-7682 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 25985798
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
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Chemical References |
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
- Interleukin-12
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Topics |
- Animals
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
(methods)
- Interleukin-12
(immunology)
- Leukemia
(immunology)
- Lymphocyte Activation
(immunology)
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
(immunology)
- T-Lymphocytes
(immunology)
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