Inflammatory
fibroid polyps (IFPs), or Vanek's
tumor, are one of the least common benign small bowel
tumors. IFP affects both sexes and all age groups, with a peak of incidence in the fifth and seventh decades. They can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly in the gastric antrum or ileum. The underlying cause of IFPs is still unknown. Genetic study of IFP showed mutations in
platelet derived growth factor alpha in some cases. At the time of diagnosis most IFPs have a diameter of 3 to 4 cm. The lesions have always been recorded as solitary
polyps. Symptoms depend on the location and the size of the lesion, including
abdominal pain,
vomiting, altered small bowel movements, gastrointestinal
bleeding and loss of weight. IFPs arising below the Treitz ligament can present with an
acute abdomen, usually due to
intussusceptions. Abdominal computed tomography is currently considered the most sensitive radiological method to show the
polyp or to confirm
intussusceptions. Most inflammatory
fibroid polyps can be removed by endoscopy. Surgery is rarely needed. Exploratory laparoscopy or
laparotomy is frequently recommended as the best treatment for
intussusceptions caused by IFP. The operation should be performed as early as possible in order to prevent the
intussusceptions from leading to
ischemia,
necrosis and subsequent perforation of the invaginated bowel segment. This report aims at reviewing the diagnosis, etiology, genetics, clinical presentation, endoscopy, radiology, and best treatment of IFP.