Abstract | BACKGROUND: METHODS: This was a non-randomized, open label, parallel, prospective cohort study in which 128, 66 and 75 HIV- malaria co-infected patients on NVP-based ART (NVP-arm), EFV-based ART (EFV-arm) and ART naïve (control-am) were enrolled, respectively. Patients were treated with AL and contributed sparse venous plasma samples. Pharmacokinetic analysis of lumefantrine was done using non-linear mixed effect modelling. RESULTS: Of the evaluated models, a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption and lag-time described well lumefantrine plasma concentrations time profile. Patients in the EFV-arm but not in the NVP-arm had significantly lower lumefantrine bioavailability compared to that in the control-arm. Equally, 32% of patients in the EFV-arm had day-7 lumefantrine plasma concentrations below 280 ng/ml compared to only 4% in the control-arm and 3% in the NVP-arm. Upon post hoc simulation of lumefantrine exposure, patients in the EFV-arm had lower exposure (median (IQR)) compared to that in the control-arm; AUC0-inf; was 303,130 (211,080-431,962) versus 784,830 (547,405-1,116,250); day-7 lumefantrine plasma concentrations was: 335.5 (215.8-519.5) versus 858.7 (562.3-1,333.8), respectively. The predictive model through simulation of lumefantrine exposure at different dosage regimen scenarios for patients on EFV-based ART, suggest that AL taken twice daily for five days using the current dose could improve lumefantrine exposure and consequently malaria treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Co-treatment of AL with EFV-based ART but not NVP-based ART significantly reduces lumefantrine bioavailability and consequently total exposure. To ensure adequate lumefantrine exposure and malaria treatment success in HIV- malaria co-infected patients on EFV-based ART, an extension of the duration of AL treatment to five days using the current dose is proposed.
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Authors | Betty A Maganda, Eliford Ngaimisi, Appolinary A R Kamuhabwa, Eleni Aklillu, Omary M S Minzi |
Journal | Malaria journal
(Malar J)
Vol. 14
Pg. 179
(Apr 25 2015)
ISSN: 1475-2875 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 25906774
(Publication Type: Clinical Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Alkynes
- Anti-Retroviral Agents
- Antimalarials
- Benzoxazines
- Cyclopropanes
- Ethanolamines
- Fluorenes
- Nevirapine
- Lumefantrine
- efavirenz
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Alkynes
- Anti-Retroviral Agents
(pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use)
- Antimalarials
(pharmacokinetics)
- Benzoxazines
(pharmacokinetics)
- Cyclopropanes
- Drug Interactions
- Ethanolamines
(pharmacokinetics)
- Female
- Fluorenes
(pharmacokinetics)
- HIV Infections
(drug therapy)
- Humans
- Lumefantrine
- Malaria
(drug therapy)
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nevirapine
(pharmacokinetics)
- Prospective Studies
- Tanzania
- Young Adult
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