Growth modeling of the maternal cytokine milieu throughout normal pregnancy: macrophage-derived chemokine decreases as inflammation/counterregulation increases.

Abstract

Several recent studies have shown differences in the maternal immune milieu at different phases of pregnancy, but most studies have been cross-sectional or of relatively few time points. Levels of 42 cytokines were determined using a multiplex bead-based assay on archived serum from a cohort of pregnant women (N = 16) at median of 18 time points tested, from the first trimester through to parturition, per woman. Unconditional growth modeling was then used to determine time-dependent changes in levels of these cytokines. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC, aka CCL22) decreases as pregnancy progresses. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IP-10, and FLT3-ligand increase as a function of gestational weeks, and IFNα2, IL-1ra, IL-3, IL-9, IL-12p40, and soluble CD40 ligand increase as a function of trimester. As pregnancy normally progresses, a maternal shift away from a type 2-biased immune response and toward an inflammatory/counterregulatory response is observed.

• Authors: Shernan G Holtan, Yiyi Chen, Rajani Kaimal, Douglas J Creedon, Elizabeth Ann L Enninga, Wendy K Nevala, Svetomir N Markovic
• Journal: Journal of immunology research (J Immunol Res) Vol. 2015 Pg. 952571 ( 2015) ISSN: 2314-7156 [Electronic] Egypt
• PMID: 25866828 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Cytokines
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Topics

• Cytokines (blood, metabolism)
• Female
• Gene Expression Profiling
• Humans
• Inflammation (immunology)
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins (blood, metabolism)
• Macrophages (immunology)
• Pregnancy