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Medical testosterone: an iatrogenic cause of male infertility and a growing problem.

AbstractOBJECTIVE:
To determine (1) the frequency of testosterone (T) use in 2 academic male infertility practices, (2) the effect on semen parameters, and (3) the potential for reversibility.
METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review. Inclusion criteria were supplemental T usage at the time of initial visit, T cessation, and semen analyses before and after T cessation.
RESULTS:
From January 2005 to March 2011, 110 of 1540 patients evaluated for infertility (7.1%) were on supplemental T. Thirty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two of 39 patients (56%) were started on medical recovery by medical treatment. Median sperm concentration increased from 0 to 6.3 million/mL (P <.0001) after T cessation, with median follow-up of 4.5 months. Eight men (21%) remained azoospermic, and 3 men had sperm concentrations of ≤ 0.1 million/mL. Fifteen of 22 men given medical treatment and 16 of 17 men given no treatment had sperm return to the semen, respectively (P = .1061). Final sperm concentration did not differ between those who received medical treatment and those who did not.
CONCLUSION:
Exogenous T treatment causes infertility and is common among reproductive-aged men. These effects are transient for some, but not all men had return of sperm to the semen during the study interval, suggesting a possible underlying primary testicular dysfunction or ongoing hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis suppression. Education about exogenous T's negative reproductive effects is necessary to avoid this preventable form of infertility. Men with low T levels should have sufficient evaluation to evaluate for underlying pathology before starting T.
AuthorsPeter N Kolettis, Matthew L Purcell, William Parker, Tyler Poston, Ajay K Nangia
JournalUrology (Urology) Vol. 85 Issue 5 Pg. 1068-1073 (May 2015) ISSN: 1527-9995 [Electronic] United States
PMID25819620 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
CopyrightPublished by Elsevier Inc.
Chemical References
  • Androgens
  • Testosterone
Topics
  • Adult
  • Androgens (adverse effects)
  • Humans
  • Iatrogenic Disease
  • Infertility, Male (chemically induced)
  • Male
  • Recovery of Function
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Semen Analysis
  • Testosterone (adverse effects)

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