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Patterns, risk factors and treatment associated with PICC-DVT in hospitalized adults: A nested case-control study.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with upper extremity-deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, patterns, risk factors and treatment associated with this event remain poorly defined.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine patterns, risk factors and treatment related to PICC-DVT in hospitalized patients.
DESIGN, SETTING & PATIENTS:
Between 2012-2013, consecutive cases of ultrasound-confirmed, symptomatic PICC-DVT were identified. For each case, at least two contemporaneous controls were identified and matched by age and gender. Patient- and device-specific data were obtained through electronic-medical records. Using variables selected a priori, multivariable logistic regression models were fit to the outcome of PICC-DVT, comparing cases to controls.
RESULTS:
909 adult hospitalized patients (268 cases, 641 controls) were included in the study. Indications for PICC placement included long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy (n=447; 49.1%), in-hospital venous access for blood draws or infusion of medications (n=342; 44.2%), and total parenteral nutrition (n=120; 6.7%). Patients with PICC-DVT were more likely to have a history of venous thromboembolism (OR 1.70, 95% CI=1.02-2.82) or have undergone surgery while the PICC was in situ (OR 2.17, 95%CI=1.17-4.01 for surgeries longer than two hours). Treatment for PICC-DVT varied and included heparin bridging, low molecular weight heparin only and device removal only; the average duration of treatment also varied across these groups. Compared to 4-Fr PICCs, 5- and 6-Fr PICCs were associated with greater risk of DVT (OR 2.74, 95%CI=0.75-10.09 and OR 7.40 95%CI=1.94-28.16, respectively). Patients who received both aspirin and statins were less likely to develop PICC-DVT than those that received neither treatment (OR 0.31, 95%CI=0.16-0.61). Receipt of pharmacological DVT prophylaxis during hospitalization showed a non-significant trend towards reduction in risk of PICC-DVT (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.48-1.08).
CONCLUSION:
Several factors appear associated with PICC-DVT. While some of these characteristics may be non-modifiable, future studies that target potentially modifiable variables to prevent this adverse outcome would be welcomed.
AuthorsVineet Chopra, Nabil Fallouh, Helen McGuirk, Brian Salata, Christina Healy, Zhyldyz Kabaeva, Shawna Smith, Jennifer Meddings, Scott A Flanders
JournalThrombosis research (Thromb Res) Vol. 135 Issue 5 Pg. 829-34 (May 2015) ISSN: 1879-2472 [Electronic] United States
PMID25726426 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightPublished by Elsevier Ltd.
Chemical References
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Aspirin
Topics
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Aspirin (therapeutic use)
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Catheterization, Central Venous (adverse effects)
  • Catheterization, Peripheral (adverse effects)
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Female
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (therapeutic use)
  • Kaplan-Meier Estimate
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis (etiology)
  • Young Adult

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