Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin on in vivo and in vitro porcine circovirus type 2 infections.

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp and is a common contaminant of grains in North America. Among farm animals, swine are the most susceptible to DON because it markedly reduces feed intake and decreases weight gain. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of several syndromes in weaning piglets collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of DON on PCV2 replication in NPTr permissive cell line, and to determine eventual potentiating effects of DON on PCV2 infection in pigs. Noninfected and infected cells with PCV2 were treated with increasing concentrations of DON (0, 70, 140, 280, 560, 1200 ng/mL) and cell survival and virus titer were evaluated 72 h postinfection. Thirty commercial piglets were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups of 10 animals based on DON content of served diets (0, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg DON). All groups were further divided into subgroups of 6 pigs and were inoculated with PCV2b virus. The remaining pigs (control) were sham-inoculated with PBS. In vitro results showed that low concentrations of DON could potentially increase PCV2 replication depending on virus genotype. In vivo results showed that even though viremia and lung viral load tend to be higher in animal ingesting DON contaminated diet at 2.5 mg/kg, DON had no significant effect on clinical manifestation of PCVAD in PCV2b infected animals. DON has neither in vitro nor in vivo clear potentiating effects in the development of porcine circovirus infection despite slight increases in viral replication.

• Authors: Christian Savard, Chantale Provost, Fernando Alvarez, Vicente Pinilla, Nedzad Music, Mario Jacques, Carl A Gagnon, Younes Chorfi
• Journal: Veterinary microbiology (Vet Microbiol) Vol. 176 Issue 3-4 Pg. 257-67 (Apr 17 2015) ISSN: 1873-2542 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 25717015 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Trichothecenes
• deoxynivalenol

Topics

• Animal Feed
• Animals
• Cell Survival (drug effects)
• Circoviridae Infections (drug therapy, veterinary)
• Circovirus (drug effects, physiology)
• Random Allocation
• Swine
• Swine Diseases (drug therapy, virology)
• Trichothecenes (pharmacology)
• Viral Load
• Viremia
• Virus Replication (drug effects)
• Weaning