Abstract | INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Cystoscopy is frequently performed by gynecologists to ensure ureteral patency and to prevent bladder injury when performing concomitant gynecological procedures. Generally, there are no additional findings on cystoscopy; however, when abnormalities arise, they may require either observation or intervention. Our aim was to create a visual library of benign, malignant, and foreign-body pathological conditions incidentally encountered on cystoscopy. METHOD: Cystoscopic findings were videotaped at the time of routine surgical care. Regarding Institutional Review Board approval, individual consent was waived as the videos were de-identified and collected for educational purposes. RESULTS: Benign pathological conditions: squamous metaplasia, duplicated ureteral orifice, ureterocele, Hutch diverticulum, bladder trabeculation, urachal cyst, interstitial cystitis with and without Hunner's lesion, endometriosis in the bladder, port-wine stain due to Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome, nephrogenic (mesonephric) metaplasia, and cystitis glandularis (intestinal metaplasia). Malignant pathological conditions: papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), carcinoma in situ (CIS), high-grade urothelial carcinoma, and urachal cancer. Foreign-body pathological conditions: edema from ureteral stents and stone-encrusted mesh. CONCLUSION: This video is intended to educate the audience on some incidental bladder findings seen on female cystoscopy. Many pathological conditions can be biopsied or treated immediately during the procedure; hence, early urology consultation is encouraged for most abnormalities.
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Authors | Sara M Lenherr, Erin C Crosby, Anne P Cameron |
Journal | International urogynecology journal
(Int Urogynecol J)
Vol. 26
Issue 6
Pg. 921-3
(Jun 2015)
ISSN: 1433-3023 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 25619539
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Video-Audio Media)
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Topics |
- Cystitis, Interstitial
(diagnosis)
- Cystoscopy
- Female
- Foreign Bodies
(diagnosis)
- Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
- Humans
- Incidental Findings
- Intraoperative Complications
(prevention & control)
- Urethra
(physiopathology)
- Urinary Bladder
(injuries, pathology, physiopathology)
- Urinary Bladder Diseases
(diagnosis)
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
(diagnosis)
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