Anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) stimulation has been shown to be effective in seizure reduction. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the changes in the
amino acid levels during chronic, single-sided ATN-stimulation in the hippocampi of rhesus monkeys with mesial
temporal lobe epilepsy induced by
kainic acid (KA). The concentrations of
glutamate, γ-
aminobutyric acid,
aspartate and
taurine in the
dialysates from bilateral hippocampi were determined at multiple time points using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that after KA administration, the
aspartate, γ-
aminobutyric acid and
taurine levels increased significantly in the
sham-stimulation group, although the γ-
aminobutyric acid and
taurine levels gradually returned to the basal levels in the chronic stage. The
glutamate level showed an initial decrease in the acute stage and a subsequent increase in the chronic stage. Chronic ATN-stimulation reversed the increases in the
glutamate and
aspartate levels, and maintained the initial increases in the γ-
aminobutyric acid and
taurine levels till the end of the experiment. These
amino acid levels, however, were not affected by either contralateral KA injection or contralateral ATN-stimulation, suggesting that the observed effects of ATN-stimulation are restricted to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Our data suggest that chronic ATN-stimulation may induce favorable modulations in the
amino acid levels in the hippocampi of epileptic monkeys, which may be an important mechanism underlying the effects of ATN-stimulation in
epilepsy treatment.