Idiopathic enlargement of salivary glands used to be confusing in diagnosis until
immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related sclerosing
sialadenitis was proposed as a possible answer. In this case series, we reported the clinical features and management outcomes in 16 patients with IgG4-related sclerosing
sialadenitis. We retrospectively studied 16 patients in clinical examination, serology, pathology, and sonography features. All patients were treated by
corticosteroids and followed up for at least 3 months. The results of clinical features showed that all of the patients presented persistent, symmetric bilateral swelling of the salivary glands, elevated levels of serum
IgG4, and/or IgG4-positive plasmacytes infiltration and tissue
fibrosis. The results of all
autoantibody tests were negative. The typical sonographic manifestation revealed multiple hypoechoic foci with an irregular netlike diffuse lesion in salivary glands. Most patients showed excellent response to
steroids treatment. We conclude that, for patients who present (1) symmetric swelling of bilateral salivary glands for more than 3 months, (2) elevated serum
IgG4 level (>135 mg/dL), and (3) enlargement in bilateral salivary glands with multiple hypoechoic areas (irregular netlike appearance) in the sonography, the diagnosis of IgG4-related sclerosing
sialadenitis should be considered. A comprehensive understanding of the medical condition and appropriate pathology examination are the key to diagnose.
Steroids treatment is effective, and a treatment plan should be set up and followed in the long-term.