Short communication: Nitazoxanide inhibits HIV viral replication in monocyte-derived macrophages.

Abstract	We document the anti-HIV activity of nitazoxanide (NTZ), the first member of the thiazolide class of antiinfective drugs, originally effective against enteritis caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. NTZ has been administered extensively worldwide, with no severe toxicities associated with its use. Here, we show for the first time that NTZ decreases HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) if present before or during HIV-1 infection. This NTZ effect is associated with downregulation of HIV-1 receptors CD4 and CCR5, and increasing gene expression of host cell anti-HIV resistance factors APOBEC3A/3G and tetherin. As NTZ is already in clinical use for other conditions, this newly described anti-HIV activity in MDM may facilitate innovative intensification strategies against HIV-1 when combined with current antiretroviral drug regimens.
Authors	Bethsebah Gekonge, Matthew C Bardin, Luis J Montaner
Journal	AIDS research and human retroviruses (AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses) Vol. 31 Issue 2 Pg. 237-41 (Feb 2015) ISSN: 1931-8405 [Electronic] United States
PMID	25303025 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)
Chemical References	Anti-HIV Agents Antigens, CD Antiprotozoal Agents BST2 protein, human CCR5 protein, human CD4 Antigens GPI-Linked Proteins Nitro Compounds Proteins Receptors, CCR5 Thiazoles APOBEC-3G Deaminase APOBEC3A protein, human APOBEC3G protein, human Cytidine Deaminase nitazoxanide
Topics	APOBEC-3G Deaminase Anti-HIV Agents (pharmacology) Antigens, CD (metabolism) Antiprotozoal Agents (pharmacology) CD4 Antigens (metabolism) Cells, Cultured Cytidine Deaminase (metabolism) Down-Regulation Drug Repositioning GPI-Linked Proteins (metabolism) HIV-1 (drug effects, physiology) Humans Macrophages (virology) Nitro Compounds Proteins (metabolism) Receptors, CCR5 (metabolism) Thiazoles (pharmacology) Up-Regulation Virus Replication (drug effects)

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