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A multi-institution pooled analysis of gastrostomy tube dependence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Severe swallowing dysfunction necessitating enteral support is a well known late sequela of nonsurgical therapy for oropharyngeal cancer, but its incidence after intensity-modulated radiotherapy has not been quantified comprehensively outside of small single-institution series.
METHODS:
This was a multi-institution, institutional review board-approved, retrospective study. Consecutive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who had received definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy from 1998 to 2011 were identified from 3 academic centers.
RESULTS:
In total, 2315 patients were included. The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging distribution was as follows: stage I, 2.1%; stage II, 4.4%; stage III, 14.7%; and stage IV, 77.3%. Among 1459 patients (63%) who received a gastrostomy tube (g-tube), placement was prophylactic in 52% and reactive in 48%. Among patients with stage III and IV disease, 58% received concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 43.7 months (range, 0.1-164 months). The g-tube dependence rate was 7% at 1 year and 3.7% at 2 years. Among 1238 patients with stage III and IV disease who received concurrent chemotherapy, the 1-year and 2-year rates of g-tube dependence were 8.6% and 4.4%, respectively. The 1-year g-tube dependence rate was 5% for patients with stage I and II disease; 5.2% for patients with stage III and IV, T1-T2/N0-N2 disease; and 10.1% for patients with stage III and IV, T3-T4 or N3 disease. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.066; P<.001), greater number of smoking pack-years (OR, 1.008; P=.04), advanced N-category (OR, 1.13; P=.049), and receipt of cytotoxic chemotherapy (OR, 2.26; P=.02) were predictive of g-tube dependence at 1 year.
CONCLUSIONS:
This multi-institution series of 2315 patients treated at 3 institutions demonstrates that modern nonsurgical therapy for oropharyngeal cancer is associated with a low rate of long-term g-tube dependence.
AuthorsJeremy Setton, Nancy Y Lee, Nadeem Riaz, Shao-Hui Huang, John Waldron, Brian O'Sullivan, Zhigang Zhang, Weij Shi, David I Rosenthal, Katherine A Hutcheson, Adam S Garden
JournalCancer (Cancer) Vol. 121 Issue 2 Pg. 294-301 (Jan 15 2015) ISSN: 1097-0142 [Electronic] United States
PMID25286832 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Multicenter Study)
Copyright© 2014 American Cancer Society.
Topics
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell (complications, radiotherapy, surgery)
  • Chemoradiotherapy
  • Deglutition Disorders (etiology, physiopathology)
  • Enteral Nutrition
  • Gastrostomy (methods)
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Middle Aged
  • Neck Dissection (adverse effects)
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms (complications, radiotherapy, surgery)
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated (adverse effects)
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors

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