Heparan sulfate saccharides modify focal adhesions: implication in mucopolysaccharidosis neuropathophysiology.

Abstract

Mucopolysaccharidoses type III (MPSIII, Sanfilippo syndrome) are genetic diseases due to deficient heparan sulfate (HS) saccharide digestion by lysosomal exoglycanases. Progressive accumulation of undigested saccharides causes early-onset behavioural and cognitive symptoms. The precise role of these saccharides in the pathophysiological cascade is still unclear. We showed that exposure of wild-type neural cells to exogenous soluble HS fragments of at least eight saccharides activated integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs), which attach cells to the extracellular matrix. FAs were constitutively activated in MPSIII type B astrocytes or neural stem cells unless undigested saccharides were cleared by exogenous supply of the missing exoglycanase. Defective cell polarisation and oriented migration in response to focal extracellular stimuli in affected cells suggest improper sensing of the environment. We consistently observed abnormal organisation of the rostral migratory stream in the brain of adult mice with MPSIII type B. These results suggest that cell polarisation and oriented migration defects participate to the neurological disorders associated with Sanfilippo syndrome.

• Authors: Julie Bruyère, Elise Roy, Jérôme Ausseil, Thomas Lemonnier, Guillaume Teyre, Delphine Bohl, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville, Hugues Lortat-Jacob, Jean Michel Heard, Sandrine Vitry
• Journal: Journal of molecular biology (J Mol Biol) Vol. 427 Issue 4 Pg. 775-791 (Feb 27 2015) ISSN: 1089-8638 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 25268803 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Paxillin
• Pxn protein, mouse
• Heparitin Sulfate
• Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
• PTK2 protein, human

Topics

• Animals
• Astrocytes (cytology, metabolism)
• Brain (pathology)
• Cell Movement (genetics)
• Cell Polarity (genetics)
• Cells, Cultured
• Enzyme Activation
• Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 (metabolism)
• Focal Adhesions (metabolism)
• Heparitin Sulfate (metabolism, pharmacology)
• Humans
• Mice
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Mice, Knockout
• Mucopolysaccharidosis III (pathology)
• Neural Stem Cells (cytology, metabolism)
• Paxillin (biosynthesis, genetics)
• Phosphorylation
• Pluripotent Stem Cells (cytology, metabolism)
• Swine