Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract arising in individuals with genetic predisposing factors and abnormalities of the immune system.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), an acquired clonal hematologic disorder, is characterized by peripheral blood
cytopenia, dysplastic changes in several types of hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and a high risk of transformation to acute
leukemia. CD rarely occurs in combination with MDS, and MDS treatment with
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been frequently reported. We report the case of a 50-year-old Chinese male who presented with
abdominal pain,
diarrhea, and
fatigue. CD was diagnosed by colonoscopy, imaging studies, and pathological examination. He was initially treated with
mesalazine and
prednisone and thereafter he presented with
pancytopenia. MDS (
RAEB-I) was diagnosed by bone marrow examination, and karyotyping revealed 47, XY, +8. The patient was treated with
thalidomide,
andriol, and
decitabine. Allogeneic HSCT was performed with a
human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling as the donor. The patient is currently well at 14 months after HSCT, without
abdominal pain,
diarrhea, or
fatigue. HSCT may be a promising treatment option for patients with combined CD and MDS.