Lung cancer commonly metastasizes to lymph nodes, brain and bones, which is the main cause of death. It is still a challenge to detect molecular
biomarkers for early diagnosis and
therapeutics of
lung cancer. Our previous study found that bone marrow-derived stroma cells (BMSCs) under tumor microenvironment produced
nitric oxide (NO), which was induced by
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and promoted invasion and
metastasis of
cancer cells by remodeling cytoskeleton. The aim of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the expressions of iNOS, cytoskeleton
protein caldesmon, OPN, and clinical parameters especially the
metastasis of
lung cancer. We found that
nitric oxide can remodel cytoskeleton and promoted the mobility of
lung cancer cells. The expressions of iNOS,
caldesmon, and OPN are closely correlated to
metastasis of
lung cancer. The intracranial metastatic tissue samples of
lung cancer showed significantly higher expression of iNOS,
caldesmon and OPN. A flow-cytometry analysis for peripheral blood of
lung cancer patients showed increased
EPCAM+/OPN+ cells in circulation of patients with bone
metastasis compared to that of patients without
metastasis, which is indicative of
cancer circulating cells. The concentration of serum OPN was also positively related to the bone
metastasis of
lung cancer. Taken together, these results suggested that iNOS,
caldesmon and OPN may work as
biomarkers for
metastasis of
lung cancer.