Patient-specific cortical electrodes for sulcal and gyral implantation.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Noninvasive localization of certain brain functions may be mapped on a millimetre level. However, the interelectrode spacing of common clinical brain surface electrodes still remains around 10 mm. Here, we present details on development of electrodes for attaining higher quality electrocorticographic signals for use in functional brain mapping and brain-machine interface (BMI) technologies.

METHODS:

We used platinum-plate-electrodes of 1-mm diameter to produce sheet electrodes after the creation of individualized molds using a 3-D printer and a press system that sandwiched the electrodes between personalized silicone sheets.

RESULTS:

We created arrays to fit the surface curvature of the brain and inside the central sulcus, with interelectrode distances of 2.5 mm (a density of 16 times previous standard types). Rat experiments undertaken indicated no long term toxicity. We were also able to custom design, rapidly manufacture, safely implant, and confirm the efficacy of personalized electrodes, including the capability to attain meaningful high-gamma-band information in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient.

CONCLUSION:

We developed cortical sheet electrodes with a high-spatial resolution, tailor-made to match an individual's brain.

SIGNIFICANCE:

This sheet electrode may contribute to the higher performance of BMI's.

• Authors: Shayne Morris, Masayuki Hirata, Hisato Sugata, Tetsu Goto, Kojiro Matsushita, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Youichi Saitoh, Haruhiko Kishima, Toshiki Yoshimine
• Journal: IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering (IEEE Trans Biomed Eng) Vol. 62 Issue 4 Pg. 1034-41 (Apr 2015) ISSN: 1558-2531 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 25029330 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Biocompatible Materials

Topics

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (surgery)
• Animals
• Biocompatible Materials
• Brain-Computer Interfaces
• Cell Line
• Cerebral Cortex (physiology, surgery)
• Cricetinae
• Electrocorticography (instrumentation)
• Electrodes
• Equipment Design
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Materials Testing
• Middle Aged
• Models, Biological
• Precision Medicine (instrumentation)