Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age
macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of
antioxidants (AOX) and
omega-3 fatty acids ( ω -3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω -3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω -3 and macular pigments
lutein/
zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related
Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of
vitamins C, E,
beta-carotene, and
zinc/
copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that
lutein and
zeaxanthin may substitute
beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased
lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω -3
micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD.
Micronutrient supplementation enhances
antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.