Several etiologies have been proposed for
erythrocytosis associated with uterine
leiomyoma. We report a case of
erythrocytosis associated with a large uterine
leiomyoma, in which specific immunostaining for
erythropoietin was positive. A 55-year-old woman, gravida 0, para 0, was referred to our hospital for treatment for a large uterine
myoma and
erythrocytosis. She had no
vaginal bleeding after she reached menopause at 50 years old. She had severe
polycythemia:
hemoglobin (Hb), 19.9 g/dL; red blood cell count (RBC), 6.65 × 10(6)/mm(3); hematocrit, (Hct) 59.1%. An abdominal simple
hysterectomy was performed, and a pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of
leiomyoma of the uterus. In addition, immunostaining demonstrated that the cytoplasm of the
leiomyoma cells was strongly positive for
erythropoietin. After the operation, the patient's
hemoglobin and hematocrit levels normalized, and we diagnosed her condition as myomatous
erythrocytosis syndrome.