There is currently much interest in
biological active compounds derived from natural resources, especially compounds that can efficiently act on molecular targets, which are involved in various diseases.
Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β, β'-carotene-4,4'-dione) is a xanthophyll
carotenoid, contained in Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, Chlorococcum, and Phaffia rhodozyma. It accumulates up to 3.8% on the dry weight basis in H. pluvialis. Our recent published data on
astaxanthin extraction, analysis, stability studies, and its
biological activities results were added to this review paper. Based on our results and current literature,
astaxanthin showed potential
biological activity in in vitro and in vivo models. These studies emphasize the influence of
astaxanthin and its beneficial effects on the metabolism in animals and humans. Bioavailability of
astaxanthin in animals was enhanced after feeding Haematococcus biomass as a source of
astaxanthin.
Astaxanthin, used as a nutritional supplement,
antioxidant and
anticancer agent, prevents diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases, and
neurodegenerative disorders, and also stimulates immunization.
Astaxanthin products are used for commercial applications in the
dosage forms as
tablets, capsules, syrups,
oils, soft
gels, creams, biomass and granulated powders.
Astaxanthin patent applications are available in food, feed and nutraceutical applications. The current review provides up-to-date information on
astaxanthin sources, extraction, analysis, stability,
biological activities, health benefits and special attention paid to its commercial applications.