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Therapeutic potential of vasopressin-receptor antagonists in heart failure.

Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a 9-amino acid peptide that is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to high plasma osmolality and hypotension. AVP has important roles in circulatory and water homoeostasis, which are mediated by oxytocin receptors and by AVP receptor subtypes: V(1a) (mainly vascular), V(1b) (pituitary), and V(2) (renal). Vaptans are orally and intravenously active nonpeptide vasopressin-receptor antagonists. Recently, subtype-selective nonpeptide vasopressin-receptor agonists have been developed. A selective V(1a)-receptor antagonist, relcovaptan, has shown initial positive results in the treatment of Raynaud's disease, dysmenorrhea, and tocolysis. A selective V(1b)-receptor antagonist, nelivaptan, has beneficial effects in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Selective V2-receptor antagonists including mozavaptan, lixivaptan, satavaptan, and tolvaptan induce highly hypotonic diuresis without substantially affecting the excretion of electrolytes. A nonselective V(1a)/V(2)-receptor antagonist, conivaptan, is used in the treatment for euvolaemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. Recent basic and clinical studies have shown that AVP-receptor antagonists, especially V2-receptor antagonists, may have therapeutic potential for heart failure. This review presents current information about AVP and its antagonists.
AuthorsYasukatsu Izumi, Katsuyuki Miura, Hiroshi Iwao
JournalJournal of pharmacological sciences (J Pharmacol Sci) Vol. 124 Issue 1 Pg. 1-6 ( 2014) ISSN: 1347-8648 [Electronic] Japan
PMID24401675 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
Chemical References
  • Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists
  • Benzamides
  • Benzazepines
  • Morpholines
  • Pyrroles
  • Receptors, Vasopressin
  • Spiro Compounds
  • conivaptan
  • Arginine Vasopressin
  • mozavaptan
  • Tolvaptan
  • lixivaptan
  • satavaptan
Topics
  • Animals
  • Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists
  • Arginine Vasopressin (physiology)
  • Benzamides (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Benzazepines (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Body Water (metabolism)
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Heart Failure (drug therapy)
  • Homeostasis (drug effects)
  • Humans
  • Hyponatremia (drug therapy)
  • Morpholines (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Pyrroles (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Receptors, Vasopressin (physiology)
  • Spiro Compounds (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
  • Tolvaptan
  • Ventricular Remodeling (drug effects)

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