[Hormonal dysnatremia].

Abstract

Because of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) disorder on production or function we can observe dysnatremia. In the absence of production by posterior pituitary, central diabetes insipidus (DI) occurs with hypernatremia. There are hereditary autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X- linked forms. When ADH is secreted but there is an alteration on his receptor AVPR2, it is a nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in acquired or hereditary form. We can make difference on AVP levels and/or on desmopressine response which is negative in nephrogenic forms. Hyponatremia occurs when there is an excess of ADH production: it is a euvolemic hypoosmolar hyponatremia. The most frequent etiology is SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH), a diagnostic of exclusion which is made after eliminating corticotropin deficiency and hypothyroidism. In case of brain injury the differential diagnosis of cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome has to be discussed, because its treatment is perfusion of isotonic saline whereas in SIADH, the treatment consists in administration of hypertonic saline if hyponatremia is acute and/or severe. If not, fluid restriction demeclocycline or vaptans (antagonists of V2 receptors) can be used in some European countries. Four types of SIADH exist; 10 % of cases represent not SIADH but SIAD (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis) due to a constitutive activation of vasopressin receptor that produces water excess. c 2013 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

• Authors: P Karaca, R Desailloud
• Journal: Annales d'endocrinologie (Ann Endocrinol (Paris)) Vol. 74 Suppl 1 Pg. S42-51 (Oct 2013) ISSN: 2213-3941 [Electronic] France
• Vernacular Title: Les dysnatrémies hormonales.
• PMID: 24356291 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• AVPR2 protein, human
• Receptors, Vasopressin
• Vasopressins
• Sodium Chloride

Topics

• Diabetes Insipidus (diagnosis, genetics, physiopathology)
• Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic (diagnosis, genetics, physiopathology)
• Diagnosis, Differential
• Humans
• Hypernatremia (etiology, therapy)
• Hyponatremia (etiology, therapy)
• Inappropriate ADH Syndrome (complications, diagnosis)
• Pituitary Diseases (complications, genetics, physiopathology)
• Pituitary Gland, Posterior (metabolism)
• Receptors, Vasopressin (physiology)
• Sodium Chloride (administration & dosage)
• Vasopressins (physiology)
• Water-Electrolyte Imbalance (physiopathology)