Slow injection of nefopam reduces pain intensity associated with intravenous injection: a prospective randomized trial.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain.

METHODS:

We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h, n = 34); B (120 ml/h, n = 34); or C (180 ml/h, n = 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded.

RESULTS:

Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0-3 and VPS 0-1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.

• Authors: Young Min Kim, Byung Gun Lim, Heezoo Kim, Myoung Hoon Kong, Mi Kyoung Lee, Il Ok Lee
• Journal: Journal of anesthesia (J Anesth) Vol. 28 Issue 3 Pg. 399-406 (Jun 2014) ISSN: 1438-8359 [Electronic] Japan
• PMID: 24201414 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
• Nefopam

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Female
• Humans
• Injections, Intravenous
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nefopam (administration & dosage, therapeutic use)
• Pain (drug therapy)
• Pain Measurement