Human interleukin 1 is a cytocidal factor for several tumor cell lines.

Abstract

Highly purified interleukin 1 (IL 1) obtained from stimulated human monocytes appeared to be growth inhibitory and cytocidal for a human melanoma cell line, A375. Although IL 1 did not have an immediate cytolytic effect, with time in culture the growth of the target cells was irreversibly inhibited. The cells eventually lysed and decreased markedly in number; the IL 1 effect can therefore be said to be cytocidal. IL 1 activity could not be separated from the cytocidal activity by a variety of chromatography procedures by using conventional and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The A375 melanoma cell line was also sensitive to another human cytokine alpha-lymphotoxin (alpha-LT) derived from a human B cell line. IL 1 also appeared to be partially growth inhibitory and cytocidal for a LT-sensitive mouse fibroblast cell line, L929; but not for LT-resistant cells, including a subline of L929; a human epithelial carcinoma cell line, HeLa; a human osteosarcoma cell line, HOS; and a mouse SV40-transformed kidney cell line, TU5. However, the LT-sensitive mouse fibroblast cell line, L-M, was resistant to IL 1. Therefore, the cytocidal activity of IL 1 only partially overlapped the target cell selectivity of alpha-LT. Although natural IFN-alpha and recombinant IFN-beta were appreciably growth inhibitory for the A375 cell line, natural and recombinant IFN-alpha and recombinant IFN-beta and IFN-gamma exhibited little cytocidal activity. Purified IL 1 did not have any antiviral activity, and conversely, IFN and alpha-LT were not co-mitogenic for thymocytes. Furthermore, by ELISA and radioimmunoassays, antibodies against human alpha-LT, tumor necrosis factor, and IFN-gamma did not react with IL 1, indicating that IL 1 is antigenically distinct from these other cytokines. These in vitro results suggest that IL 1 may play a role in host defense against some tumors as a cytocidal factor.

• Authors: K Onozaki, K Matsushima, B B Aggarwal, J J Oppenheim
• Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) (J Immunol) Vol. 135 Issue 6 Pg. 3962-8 (Dec 1985) ISSN: 0022-1767 [Print] United States
• PMID: 2415593 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Growth Inhibitors
• Interleukin-1
• Lymphotoxin-alpha
• Interferons

Topics

• Animals
• Antineoplastic Agents (physiology)
• Cell Line
• Colony-Forming Units Assay
• Growth Inhibitors (physiology)
• HeLa Cells (pathology)
• Humans
• Interferons (pharmacology)
• Interleukin-1 (physiology)
• Lymphotoxin-alpha (pharmacology)
• Melanoma (pathology)
• Mice
• Osteosarcoma (pathology)