Vitamin D and kidney stone disease.

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW:

Vitamin D is important in maintaining calcium homeostasis, but its role in kidney stone disease and its effect on stone formation are still not clear.

RECENT FINDINGS:

Kidney stone formers tend to experience enhanced intestinal calcium absorption, increased urinary calcium excretion, and excessive bone mineral loss. Although direct actions of active vitamin D have been implicated in all these processes, the effect of nutritional vitamin D (vitamin D2 or vitamin D3) use on calcium balance among stone formers is still not clear. In addition, the safety of nutritional vitamin D use in the stone forming population is also not established, considering the potential effect of its use on raising urinary calcium. However, most of the observational studies do not support a significant association between higher nutritional vitamin D store and increased risk of stone formation. Short-term nutritional vitamin D repletion in stone formers with vitamin D deficiency also does not appear to increase urinary calcium excretion.

SUMMARY:

The effect of nutritional vitamin D use in stone formers is still not clear. As vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among stone formers, future prospective studies are needed to establish the biological effect, as well as the safety and efficacy of nutritional vitamin D therapy in this unique patient population.

• Authors: Jie Tang, Michel B Chonchol
• Journal: Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension (Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens) Vol. 22 Issue 4 Pg. 383-9 (Jul 2013) ISSN: 1473-6543 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 23739765 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)

Chemical References

• Vitamins
• Vitamin D
• Calcium

Topics

• Animals
• Calcium (metabolism)
• Dietary Supplements (adverse effects)
• Homeostasis
• Humans
• Kidney (drug effects, metabolism)
• Kidney Calculi (epidemiology, genetics, metabolism)
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Vitamin D (adverse effects, metabolism, therapeutic use)
• Vitamin D Deficiency (drug therapy, epidemiology, metabolism)
• Vitamins (adverse effects, metabolism, therapeutic use)