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Refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AbstractOBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between refractive errors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
A clear understanding of the relationship between refractive error and AMD provides insights into the pathophysiology of AMD.
METHODS:
We searched PubMed and Embase from their inception to July 2012 for population-based studies with data on refractive error and AMD assessed from retinal photographs at baseline and follow-up. We performed separate meta-analyses for cross-sectional studies and cohort studies using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) under random effects models, respectively.
RESULTS:
Analysis of the 6 cross-sectional studies showed that hyperopia was associated with higher odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR hyperopia vs. emmetropia: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.29) and that myopia was associated with lower odds of prevalent AMD (pooled OR myopia vs. emmetropia: 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.92). Analysis from the 3 cohort studies showed nonsignificant associations. Analysis of the 5 cross-sectional and 2 cohort studies showed that each diopter increase in spherical equivalent was associated with increased odds of both prevalent (pooled OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12) and incident (pooled HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10) AMD. In 3 cross-sectional studies with data on axial length, each millimeter increase in axial length was associated with a decreased odd of prevalent AMD (pooled OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85).
CONCLUSIONS:
Refractive error is associated with AMD, although a temporal relationship cannot be determined on the basis of current evidence. Ophthalmologists should be aware that risk of AMD clinically seems to vary by refractive status.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S):
The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
AuthorsChen-Wei Pan, M Kamran Ikram, Carol Y Cheung, Hyung-Won Choi, Chiu-Ming Gemmy Cheung, Jost B Jonas, Seang-Mei Saw, Tien-Yin Wong
JournalOphthalmology (Ophthalmology) Vol. 120 Issue 10 Pg. 2058-65 (Oct 2013) ISSN: 1549-4713 [Electronic] United States
PMID23706699 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review, Systematic Review)
CopyrightCopyright © 2013 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Topics
  • Humans
  • Macular Degeneration (complications)
  • Refractive Errors (etiology)

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