Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is not associated with proton pump inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

AIM:

To evaluate the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the development of gastrointestinal tuberculosis.

METHODS:

All patients who were more than 20 years old and who had received a prescription for PPIs among those who visited Seoul National University Hospital from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2009 were identified. Due to the low sensitivity of the microbiologic test and the nonspecific pathologic findings, the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis was confirmed through the presence of active ulcerations and the responses to anti-tuberculosis medications. The patients were divided into two groups according to treatment duration (group 1: ≤ 3 mo; group 2: > 3 mo) and were followed up from the time they took the first prescription of PPIs until their last visit. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the relative risks (RR) and 95%CI, adjusting for covariates.

RESULTS:

Among the 61, 834 patients exposed to PPIs (50,534 in group 1; 11,300 in group 2), 21 patients were diagnosed with PPI-associated gastrointestinal tuberculosis during 124,274 person-years of follow-up. Of 21 patients, the 12 who revealed only scar changes in the colonoscopy were excluded from the statistical analyses. Of those who remained, 2 were excluded because they underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy within 4 wk of the first prescription for PPIs. Longer exposure to PPI was associated with a higher mean age (55.0 ± 14.5 in group 1 vs 58.2 ± 13.3 in group 2, P < 0.001) and a higher Charlson co-morbidity index (0.50 ± 0.93 in group 1 vs 0.77 ± 1.14 in group 2, P < 0.001). The true incidence of active gastrointestinal tuberculosis was 0.65 per 1000 person-years in group 1 and 0.03 per 1 000 person-years in group 2. Like the less-than-three-month PPI treatment period in group 1, the over-three-month PPI therapy period in group 2 was not associated with increased risk of acquiring gastrointestinal tuberculosis, after adjusting for age and co-morbidities, whereas the Charlson co-morbidity index was associated with increased risk of acquiring gastrointestinal tuberculosis based on the score [RR: (reference 1) in group 1 vs 1.518 in group 2; 95% CI: 1.040-2.216, P = 0.03].

CONCLUSION:

Long-term PPI therapy does not seem to be associated with increased risk of acquiring gastrointestinal tuberculosis, but a higher Charlson co-morbidity index is associated with such.

• Authors: Kyoung Sup Hong, Seung Joo Kang, Jong Kyoung Choi, Ju Han Kim, Heewon Seo, Suehyun Lee, Jae-Woo Jung, Hye-Ryun Kang, Sang-Heon Cho, Joo Sung Kim
• Journal: World journal of gastroenterology (World J Gastroenterol) Vol. 19 Issue 2 Pg. 258-64 (Jan 14 2013) ISSN: 2219-2840 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23345949 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Proton Pump Inhibitors

Topics

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biopsy
• Cohort Studies
• Female
• Gastroesophageal Reflux (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Incidence
• Intestines (microbiology, pathology)
• Logistic Models
• Longitudinal Studies
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isolation & purification)
• Peptic Ulcer (drug therapy)
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Retrospective Studies
• Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal (chemically induced, epidemiology, microbiology)