Allogeneic, but not autologous, hematopoietic cell transplantation improves survival only among younger adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Abstract

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and prolonged chemotherapy are standard postremission strategies for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission, but the optimal strategy remains controversial. There are no randomized trials of allogeneic HCT. In the present study, updated individual patient data were collected and analyzed from studies with information on availability of matched sibling donor (used to mimic randomization) and from randomized trials of autograft versus chemotherapy. Data from 13 studies including 2962 patients, excluding Philadelphia chromosome-positive patients, showed a survival benefit for having a matched sibling donor for patients < 35 years of age (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.90, P = .0003) but not for those ≥ 35 years of age (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85-1.19, P = .9; heterogeneity P = .03) because of the higher absolute risk of nonrelapse mortality for older patients. No differences were seen by risk group. There was a trend toward inferior survival for autograft versus chemotherapy (OR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99-1.41; P = .06). No beneficial effect of autografting was seen compared with chemotherapy in this analysis. We conclude that matched sibling donor myeloablative HCT improves survival only for younger patients, with an absolute benefit of approximately 10% at 5 years. Improved chemotherapy outcomes and reduced nonrelapse mortality associated with allogeneic HCT may change the relative effects of these treatments in the future.

• Authors: Vikas Gupta, Sue Richards, Jacob Rowe, Acute Leukemia Stem Cell Transplantation Trialists' Collaborative Group
• Journal: Blood (Blood) Vol. 121 Issue 2 Pg. 339-50 (Jan 10 2013) ISSN: 1528-0020 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 23165481 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents

Topics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Antineoplastic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Child
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (methods)
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (mortality, therapy)
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Transplantation, Autologous
• Transplantation, Homologous
• Young Adult