The objective of this study is to induce
experimental diabetes mellitus by
Streptozotocin in normal adult Wistar rats via comparison of changes in
body weight, consumption of food and water, volume of urine and levels of
glucose,
insulin and
C-peptide in serum, between normal and diabetic rats. Intra-venous injection of 60mg/kg dose of
Streptozotocin in adult wistar rats, makes pancreas swell and at last causes degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces
experimental diabetes mellitus in the 2-4 days. Induction of
experimental diabetes mellitus is indeed the first step in the plan of purification of pancreatic Langerhans islet cells of normal rats for transplanting under the testis subcutaneous of experimentally induced diabetic rats.
Streptozotocin induces one type of diabetes which is similar to
diabetes mellitus with non-
ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. For induction of experimental diabetes in male adult rats weighted 250-300 grams (75-90 days), 60mg/kg of
Streptozotocin was injected intravenously. Three days after degeneration of beta cells, diabetes was induced in all animals. The diabetic and normal animals were kept in the metabolic cages separately and their
body weight, consumption of food and water, urine volume, the levels of serum
glucose,
insulin and
C-peptide quantities in all animals were measured and then these quantities were compared. For a microscopic study of degeneration of Langerhans islet beta cells of diabetic rats, sampling from pancreas tissue of diabetic and normal rats, staining and comparison between them, were done. Induction of diabetes with
Streptozotocin decreases
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (
NAD) in pancreas islet beta cells and causes histopathological effects in beta cells which probably intermediates induction of diabetes. In this study, we used
Streptozotocin for our experiments in induction of
experimental diabetes mellitus. After Induction of diabetes, consumption of food and water, volume of urine and
glucose increased in the diabetic animals in comparison with normal animals, but the weight of body and the volume of
insulin and
C-peptide decreased in the diabetic animals. Sampling and staining of pancreas tissue of diabetic and normal rats showed that the Langerhans islet beta cells of diabetic rats have been clearly degenerated. In three days,
Streptozotocin makes pancreas swell and at last causes degeneration in Langerhans islet beta cells and induces experimental diabetes. It also changes normal metabolism in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. Consumption of water and food, volume of urine, serum
glucose increases in diabetic animals in comparison with normal rats but the levels of serum
insulin,
C-peptide and
body weight decreases.