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Bath salt intoxication causing acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis.

Abstract
Traditional bath salts contain a combination of inorganic salts like Epsom salts, table salt, baking soda, sodium metaphosphate, and borax that have cleansing properties. Since 2010, there have been rising concerns about a new type of substance abuse in the name of "bath salts." They are beta-ketone amphetamine analogs and are derivates of cathinone, a naturally occurring amphetamine analog found in the "khat" plant (Catha edulis). Effects reported with intake included increased energy, empathy, openness, and increased libido. Serious adverse effects reported with intoxication included cardiac, psychiatric, and neurological signs and symptoms. Not much is known about the toxicology and metabolism of these compounds. They inhibit monoamine reuptake (dopamine, nor epinephrine, etc.) and act as central nervous system stimulants with high additive and abuse potential because of their clinical and biochemical similarities to effects from use of cocaine, amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine. Deaths associated with use of these compounds have also been reported. We report a case of acute kidney injury associated with the use of "bath salt" pills that improved with hemodialysis.
AuthorsHariharan Regunath, Venkatesh Kumar Ariyamuthu, Pranavkumar Dalal, Madhukar Misra
JournalHemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis (Hemodial Int) Vol. 16 Suppl 1 Pg. S47-9 (Oct 2012) ISSN: 1542-4758 [Electronic] Canada
PMID23036036 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article)
Copyright© 2012 The Authors. Hemodialysis International © 2012 International Society for Hemodialysis.
Chemical References
  • Alkaloids
  • Psychotropic Drugs
  • Salts
  • cathinone
Topics
  • Acute Kidney Injury (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, chemically induced, therapy, urine)
  • Adult
  • Alkaloids (administration & dosage, adverse effects, chemistry)
  • Baths
  • Catha (adverse effects, chemistry)
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychotropic Drugs (administration & dosage, adverse effects, chemistry)
  • Renal Dialysis
  • Salts

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