Incidence, types, geographical distribution, and risk factors of congenital anomalies in Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children's Teaching Hospital, Western Iraq.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To study the incidence, types, geographical distribution, and risk factors of congenital anomalies (CAs) in a teaching hospital.

METHODS:

A total of 5864 neonates were examined for CAs between October 2010 and October 2011 in Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children's Teaching Hospital, Al-Ramadi, Western Iraq. Data include: neonate's name, gender, weight, and type of CAs, mother's age, residence, education, parity, consanguinity, smoking, illness, drugs, and ultrasound (U/S) results, father's age and smoking, and family recurrence of CAs. For every case, 2 controls were selected. Types and incidence of CAs was calculated. Odds ratio and confidence interval was utilized for risk factors evaluation.

RESULTS:

Overall CA incidences were 40.5/1000 for total births, 40.8/1000 live births, and 270.0/1000 for stillbirths. Twenty percent of CAs was found as multiple, 80% single, 63.8% major, and 36.2% minor. The cardiovascular system was found most affected, followed by genito-urinary system. Low birth weight, male gender, maternal smoking, consanguinity, parity, and CAs family recurrence were found to be significant risk factors, and oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, and positive CAs by U/S, found as significant co-factors associated with CAs, while parental age, and maternal education were not considered risk factors.

CONCLUSION:

Although the incidence of CAs was lower than the Al-Fallujah rate, it is still higher than many developed and developing countries. Amniotic fluid volume changes in U/S may hide an ominous CA, and maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy and consanguinity may expose the family to a congenitally anomalous delivery.

• Authors: Zaid R Al-Ani, Shaker A Al-Haj, Muhammad M Al-Ani, Khamees M Al-Dulaimy, Ayad Kh Al-Maraie, Belal Kh Al-Ubaidi
• Journal: Saudi medical journal (Saudi Med J) Vol. 33 Issue 9 Pg. 979-89 (Sep 2012) ISSN: 1658-3175 [Electronic] Saudi Arabia
• PMID: 22964810 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Topics

• Congenital Abnormalities (epidemiology)
• Female
• Geography
• Hospitals, Teaching
• Humans
• Incidence
• Infant, Newborn
• Iraq (epidemiology)
• Male
• Pregnancy
• Risk Factors