The nature has provided abundant natural resources which can be explored for their medicinal uses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the
antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity of various extract's fractions obtained from mycelia of seventeen endophytic fungi in different
solvents (
methanol,
acetone and aqueous) isolated from Salvadora oleoides Decne (Salvadoraceae) in
glucose loaded fasting and
alloxan induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Only four extracts namely; unidentified fungus (aqueous), Aspergillus sp.JPY2 (
methanol), Aspergillus sp.JPY1 (
methanol) and Phoma sp. (
acetone) significantly reduced
blood glucose levels as revealed by
glucose tolerance test. It has been observed that in
alloxan induced diabetic rats, the maximum reduction in
blood glucose level was after 5 hours in the acute treatment experiment and on14th day in sub acute treatment at a dose of 250mg/kg of
body weight (P<0.05). The reduction in
blood glucose in long term treatment experiment was ranged from 11.3% to 28.04%, whereas standard
drug tolbutamide reduced the
blood glucose level up to 40%. In long term treatment, unidentified fungus (aqueous) extract showed significant improvement in parameters like
body weight and
lipid profile of
alloxan induced diabetic rats. The gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) analysis of bioactive fraction (aqueous) of unidentified fungus and methanolic extract fraction of Aspergillus sp.JPY1 revealed that the main constituents were 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and
Phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl respectively. The results have also suggested that the above four bioactive fractions have good margin of safety and did not show any lethal effects on the animals up to the doses of 1000mg/kg b.w. along with safe doses up to 500 μg/ ml to human erythrocytes.