Abstract |
Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels form existing vessels surrounding a tumor. The process of angiogenesis is an important step for tumor growth and metastasis, as is inflammation. Thus, angiogenesis inhibitors that suppress inflammation have been studied as an anticancer treatment. Recently, many research groups have investigated the anti-angiogenic activity of natural compounds since some have been demonstrated to have anticancer properties. Among many natural compounds, we focused on betaine, which is known to suppress inflammation. Betaine, trimethylglycine (TMG), was first discovered in the juice of sugar beets and was later shown to be present in wheat, shellfish and spinach. In Southeast Asia, betaine is used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of hepatic disorders. Here, we report the anti-angiogenic action of betaine. Betaine inhibited in vitro angiogenic cascade, tube formation, migration and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Betaine also inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in the mouse Matrigel plug assay. The mRNA expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in HUVECs were decreased by betaine treatment. In addition, betaine suppressed NF-κB and Akt activation.
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Authors | Eui-Yeun Yi, Yung-Jin Kim |
Journal | International journal of oncology
(Int J Oncol)
Vol. 41
Issue 5
Pg. 1879-85
(Nov 2012)
ISSN: 1791-2423 [Electronic] Greece |
PMID | 22940742
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors
- NF-kappa B
- RNA, Messenger
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
- Betaine
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
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Topics |
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors
(administration & dosage, pharmacology)
- Animals
- Betaine
(administration & dosage, pharmacology)
- Cell Movement
(drug effects)
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Activation
(drug effects)
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
(genetics, metabolism)
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
(drug effects, metabolism)
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
(genetics, metabolism)
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
(genetics, metabolism)
- Mice
- NF-kappa B
(metabolism)
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
(drug effects, genetics)
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
(metabolism)
- RNA, Messenger
(genetics, metabolism)
- Signal Transduction
(drug effects)
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