Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

In therapy of the metabolic syndrome, the optimal dietary approach with regard to its macronutrient composition and metabolically favourable food components, such as the plant-derived n-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA), is still a matter of debate. We investigated the effects of a hypoenergetic diet with low energy density (ED) enriched in rapeseed oil, resulting in high MUFA content and an ALA intake of 3.5 g/d on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome in comparison with an olive oil diet rich in MUFA, but with a low ALA content. After a 6-month dietary intervention, body weight was significantly reduced in the rapeseed oil and olive oil groups ( -7.8 v. -6.0 kg; P < 0.05). There were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and insulin levels in both groups (P < 0.05). For all of these changes, no inter-group differences were observed. After the rapeseed oil diet, diastolic blood pressure declined more than after the olive oil diet (P < 0.05 for time × group interaction). Furthermore, concentrations of serum TAG were significantly reduced after the high ALA intake, but not in the low ALA group (P < 0.05 for time × group interaction). In conclusion, our dietary food pattern with a low ED and high intakes of MUFA and ALA may be a practical approach for long-term dietary treatment in patients with the metabolic syndrome, leading to weight reduction and an improvement in the overall cardiovascular risk profile.

• Authors: Andrea Baxheinrich, Bernd Stratmann, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Diethelm Tschoepe, Ursel Wahrburg
• Journal: The British journal of nutrition (Br J Nutr) Vol. 108 Issue 4 Pg. 682-91 (Aug 2012) ISSN: 1475-2662 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 22894911 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
• Plant Oils
• Rapeseed Oil
• alpha-Linolenic Acid

Topics

• Adult
• Brassica rapa (chemistry)
• Cardiovascular Diseases (epidemiology, prevention & control)
• Diet, Reducing (methods)
• Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
• Feasibility Studies
• Female
• Germany (epidemiology)
• Humans
• Hyperlipidemias (prevention & control)
• Hypertension (prevention & control)
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome (diet therapy)
• Middle Aged
• Patient Compliance
• Patient Dropouts
• Plant Oils (chemistry, therapeutic use)
• Prevalence
• Rapeseed Oil
• Risk Factors
• Seeds (chemistry)
• Weight Loss
• alpha-Linolenic Acid (analysis, therapeutic use)