Enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in advanced prostate cancer.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Recent studies have underlined the role of nuclear receptors in the involvement of prostate cancer signalling pathways.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A total of 84 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 84 low risk prostate cancer (LPC) and 64 advanced disease (APC) cases were sampled on a tissue microarray (TMA) and stained for retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α, retionoid X receptor (RXR)-α, liver X receptor (LXR)-α, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and proliferate-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and the (pro)-inflammatory molecules cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemically.

RESULTS:

PPAR-γ expression in APC tissues was found to be significantly higher than that in LPC and BPH specimens (p<0.001). In contrast, RXR-a expression was significantly lower (p<0.001). COX2 staining demonstrated a trend towards overexpression in APC (p=0.025). No significant differences were found for RAR-α, iNOS and TNF-α expression. Staining of FXR and LXR was seen diffusely in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, preventing sufficient evaluation by definition.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides the basis for applying PPAR-γ ligands clinically in treatment of APC.

• Authors: Sebastian Rogenhofer, Jörg Ellinger, Philip Kahl, Christine Stoehr, Arndt Hartmann, Dirk Engehausen, Wolf-Ferdinand Wieland, Stefan C Müller, Ferdinand Hofstädter, Bernhard Walter
• Journal: Anticancer research (Anticancer Res) Vol. 32 Issue 8 Pg. 3479-83 (Aug 2012) ISSN: 1791-7530 [Electronic] Greece
• PMID: 22843934 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• DNA Primers
• Liver X Receptors
• NR1H3 protein, human
• Orphan Nuclear Receptors
• PPAR gamma
• RARA protein, human
• Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
• Receptors, Retinoic Acid
• Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
• Retinoid X Receptors
• farnesoid X-activated receptor
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Cyclooxygenase 2

Topics

• Base Sequence
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (metabolism)
• DNA Primers
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Liver X Receptors
• Male
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (metabolism)
• Orphan Nuclear Receptors (metabolism)
• PPAR gamma (metabolism)
• Prostatic Neoplasms (metabolism)
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear (metabolism)
• Receptors, Retinoic Acid (metabolism)
• Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
• Retinoid X Receptors (metabolism)
• Tissue Array Analysis