We tested relative efficacy of the extract of Phytolacca decandra (PD) and its PLGA nano-encapsulated form (
NPD) in mice intoxicated with
benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (25 mg/kg b.w.) plus
sodium-arsenite (SA) (10 mg/kg b.w.) and on A549
lung cancer cells in vitro. We characterized nanoparticles by physico-chemical and morphological studies using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. We also conducted FTIR and (1)H NMR studies to determine if
NPD had a co-polymeric nature and analyzed
drug-
DNA interaction through circular dichroism spectra (CD) and melting temperature profiles (T(m)) taking
calf thymus DNA as target. An oral dose of 0.3mg/kg b.w. for
NPD and 30 mg/kg b.w. for PD in mice showed chemopreventive effects in regard to DNA fragmentation, comet tail length and toxicity
biomarkers like ROS generation, NFκβ, p53, PARP,
CYP1A1 and
caspase 3.
NPD showed greater effects than that by PD. Results of in vivo studies showed similar effects on A549 in regard to cell viability,
DAPI and PI staining, Comet tail length, DNA fragmentation. To further confirm the
biological molecule present in PD we analyzed its chromatographic fraction through mass spectroscopy, NMR and FT-IR studies and characterized it to be a tri-
terpenoid, a derivative of
betulinic acid with a molecular formula C(30)H(46)O(2.) Thus, overall results suggest that nano-encapsulation of PD (
NPD) increases
drug bioavailability and thereby has a better chemo-preventive action against
lung cancer in vivo and on A549 cells in vitro than that of PD.