S-nitrosothiols and the S-nitrosoproteome of the cardiovascular system.

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE:

Since their discovery in the early 1990's, S-nitrosylated proteins have been increasingly recognized as important determinants of many biochemical processes. Specifically, S-nitrosothiols in the cardiovascular system exert many actions, including promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating Ca(2+) channel function that influences myocyte contractility and electrophysiologic stability.

RECENT ADVANCES:

Contemporary developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, the development of biotin- and His-tag switch assays, and the availability of cyanide dye-labeling for S-nitrosothiol detection in vitro have increased significantly the identification of a number of cardiovascular protein targets of S-nitrosylation in vivo.

CRITICAL ISSUES:

Recent analyses using modern S-nitrosothiol detection techniques have revealed the mechanistic significance of S-nitrosylation to the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including essential hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure, among others.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS:

Despite enhanced insight into S-nitrosothiol biochemistry, translating these advances into beneficial pharmacotherapies for patients with cardiovascular diseases remains a primary as-yet unmet goal for investigators within the field.

• Authors: Bradley A Maron, Shiow-Shih Tang, Joseph Loscalzo
• Journal: Antioxidants & redox signaling (Antioxid Redox Signal) Vol. 18 Issue 3 Pg. 270-87 (Jan 20 2013) ISSN: 1557-7716 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22770551 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Review)

Chemical References

• Proteome
• S-Nitrosothiols
• Nitric Oxide
• Glutathione
• Cysteine

Topics

• Animals
• Cardiovascular Diseases (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Cardiovascular System (metabolism, physiopathology)
• Cysteine (metabolism)
• Glutathione (metabolism)
• Humans
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism, physiology)
• Nitrosation
• Oxidation-Reduction
• Protein Processing, Post-Translational
• Proteome (metabolism)
• S-Nitrosothiols (metabolism)