The Hippo
tumor suppressor pathway plays a major role in development and organ size control, and its dysregulation contributes to
tumorigenesis. TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif; also known as WWTR1) is a transcription co-activator acting downstream of the Hippo pathway, and increased TAZ
protein levels have been associated with human
cancers, such as
breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that TAZ is inhibited by large
tumor suppressor (
LATS)-dependent phosphorylation, leading to cytoplasmic retention and
ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The
LATS kinase, a core component of the Hippo pathway, phosphorylates the C-terminal phosphodegron in TAZ to promote its degradation. In this study, we have found that the N-terminal phosphodegron of TAZ also plays a role in TAZ
protein level regulation, particularly in response to different status of cellular PI3K signaling. GSK3, which can be inhibited by high PI3K via AKT-dependent inhibitory phosphorylation, phosphorylates the N-terminal phosphodegron in TAZ, and the phosphorylated TAZ binds to β-TrCP subunit of the SCF(β-TrCP)
E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby leading to TAZ ubiquitylation and degradation. We observed that the TAZ
protein level is elevated in
tumor cells with high PI3K signaling, such as in PTEN mutant
cancer cells. This study provides a novel mechanism of TAZ regulation and suggests a role of TAZ in modulating tissue growth and
tumor development in response to PI3K signaling.