Abstract | OBJECTIVE:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Cushing's syndrome share common features. It has been proposed that increased glucocorticoid activity at peripheral tissues may play a role in the pathogenesis of MetS and obesity-related disorders. It is well-known that intracellular cortisol concentrations are determined not only by plasma levels but also by the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) which catalyzes the conversion of inactive cortisone to active cortisol, especially in the liver and adipose tissue. Another isoenzyme exists, the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, which acts in the opposite direction inactivating cortisol to cortisone in the kidney. This review considers the significance of the 11β-HSD1 inhibition in the treatment of several features of MetS and provides current data about the development of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors, as new agents for this purpose. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using PubMed, we searched for publications during the last 20years regarding the development of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. RESULTS: Emerging data from animal and human studies indicate an association of 11β-HSD1 over-expression with obesity and disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism. This has led to the hypothesis that selective inhibition of 11β-HSD1 could be used to treat MetS and diabetes. Indeed, natural products and older agents such as thiazolidinediones and fibrates seem to exert an inhibitory effect on 11β-HSD1, ameliorating the cardiometabolic profile. In view of this concept, novel compounds, such as adamantyltriazoles, arylsulfonamidothiazoles, anilinothiazolones, BVT2733, INCB-13739, MK-0916 and MK-0736, are currently under investigation and the preliminary findings from both experimental and human studies show a favourable effect on glucose and lipid metabolism, weight reduction and adipokine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Many compounds inhibiting 11β-ΗSD1 are under development and preliminary data about their impact on glucose metabolism and obesity-related disorders are encouraging.
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Authors | Panagiotis Anagnostis, Niki Katsiki, Fotini Adamidou, Vasilios G Athyros, Asterios Karagiannis, Marina Kita, Dimitri P Mikhailidis |
Journal | Metabolism: clinical and experimental
(Metabolism)
Vol. 62
Issue 1
Pg. 21-33
(Jan 2013)
ISSN: 1532-8600 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 22652056
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Copyright | Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Chemical References |
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides
- Thiazoles
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
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Topics |
- 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
(antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)
- Animals
- Enzyme Inhibitors
(pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Humans
- Metabolic Syndrome
(drug therapy, enzymology, metabolism)
- Obesity
(drug therapy, enzymology, metabolism)
- Sulfonamides
(pharmacology, therapeutic use)
- Thiazoles
(pharmacology, therapeutic use)
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