Abstract | CONTEXT: OBJECTIVE: The anti- snake venom properties of callus of S. saponaria are investigated here for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro cultivated callus of Sapindus saponaria were lyophilized, and the extracts were prepared with different solvents, before submitting to phytochemical studies and evaluation of the anti-ophidian activity. Crude extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid partition and the fractions were monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Subsequently, anti-ophidian activities were analyzed toward Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda (Viperidae), B. moojeni Hoge (Viperidae), B. alternates Duméril (Viperidea) and Crotalus durissus terrificus Lineu ( Viperidae) venoms and isolated myotoxins and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). RESULTS: Fractions A1, A2 and the extract in MeOH:H(2)O (9:1) significantly inhibited the toxic and pharmacological activities induced by snake venoms and toxins, when compared to other extracts and fractions. The lethal, clotting, phospholipase, edema-inducing, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities were partially inhibited by the different extracts and fractions. TLC profiles of the crude extracts (B and C) and fractions (A1 and A2) showed β- sitosterol and stigmasterol as their main compounds. Stigmasterol exhibited inhibitory effects on enzymatic and myotoxic activities of PLA(2). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Sapindus saponaria extracts and fractions presented anti-ophidian activity and could be used as an adjuvant to serum therapy or for its supplementation, and in addition, as a rich source of potential inhibitors of enzymes involved in several pathophysiological human and animal diseases.
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Authors | Marcos L da Silva, Silvana Marcussi, Renata S Fernandes, Paulo S Pereira, Ana Helena Januário, Suzelei C França, Saulo L Da Silva, Andreimar M Soares, Miriam V Lourenço |
Journal | Pharmaceutical biology
(Pharm Biol)
Vol. 50
Issue 3
Pg. 366-75
(Mar 2012)
ISSN: 1744-5116 [Electronic] England |
PMID | 22133075
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
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Chemical References |
- Antivenins
- Plant Extracts
- Sitosterols
- Viper Venoms
- gamma-sitosterol
- Stigmasterol
- Phospholipases A2
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Topics |
- Animals
- Antivenins
(isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Bothrops
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- Crotalus
- Male
- Mice
- Phospholipases A2
(metabolism)
- Plant Extracts
(pharmacology)
- Sapindus
(chemistry)
- Sitosterols
(isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Stigmasterol
(isolation & purification, pharmacology)
- Viper Venoms
(antagonists & inhibitors, toxicity)
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