Genetic ablation of PLA2G6 in mice leads to cerebellar atrophy characterized by Purkinje cell loss and glial cell activation.

Abstract

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a progressive, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by axonal dystrophy, abnormal iron deposition and cerebellar atrophy. This disease was recently mapped to PLA2G6, which encodes group VI Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2) or iPLA(2)β). Here we show that genetic ablation of PLA2G6 in mice (iPLA(2)β(-/-)) leads to the development of cerebellar atrophy by the age of 13 months. Atrophied cerebella exhibited significant loss of Purkinje cells, as well as reactive astrogliosis, the activation of microglial cells, and the pronounced up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, glial cell activation and the elevation in TNF-α and IL-1β expression occurred before apparent cerebellar atrophy. Our findings indicate that the absence of PLA2G6 causes neuroinflammation and Purkinje cell loss and ultimately leads to cerebellar atrophy. Our study suggests that iPLA(2)β(-/-) mice are a valuable model for cerebellar atrophy in INAD and that early anti-inflammatory therapy may help slow the progression of cerebellar atrophy in this deadly neurodegenerative disease.

• Authors: Zhengshan Zhao, Jing Wang, Chunying Zhao, Weina Bi, Zhenyu Yue, Zhongmin Alex Ma
• Journal: PloS one (PLoS One) Vol. 6 Issue 10 Pg. e26991 ( 2011) ISSN: 1932-6203 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 22046428 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural)

Chemical References

• Interleukin-1beta
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Group VI Phospholipases A2
• Pla2g6 protein, mouse

Topics

• Animals
• Atrophy (genetics)
• Cerebellar Diseases (genetics, pathology)
• Group VI Phospholipases A2 (deficiency, genetics)
• Interleukin-1beta
• Mice
• Microglia
• Neuroaxonal Dystrophies
• Neuroglia (immunology, pathology)
• Purkinje Cells (pathology)
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha