A review of candidate urinary biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract

CONTEXT:

Autism is a complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic component potentially impacted by various environmental factors influencing susceptibility. There are no reliable laboratory tests available to confirm an autism diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the published literature and identify putative urinary biomarkers of autism.

METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic bibliographic databases.

RESULTS:

Putative autism biomarkers were identified that could be categorized according to the key theories that exist regarding the etiology of autism: gastrointestinal factors, immune dysregulation, heavy metal toxicity, neurotransmitter abnormalities, and oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION:

There is scope for specific urinary biomarkers to be useful for identification of autistic metabolic phenotypes.

• Authors: Lv Wang, Manya T Angley, Jacobus P Gerber, Michael J Sorich
• Journal: Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals (Biomarkers) Vol. 16 Issue 7 Pg. 537-52 (Nov 2011) ISSN: 1366-5804 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 22022826 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Biomarkers
• Neurotransmitter Agents
• Peptides
• Porphyrins
• indolylacryloylglycine
• Neopterin
• Glycine

Topics

• Biomarkers (urine)
• Child
• Child Development Disorders, Pervasive (diagnosis, urine)
• Glycine (analogs & derivatives, urine)
• Humans
• Neopterin (urine)
• Neurotransmitter Agents (urine)
• Peptides (urine)
• Porphyrins (urine)
• Sensitivity and Specificity