Guanylyl cyclase structure, function and regulation.

Abstract

Nitric oxide, bicarbonate, natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP), guanylins, uroguanylins and guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs) activate a family of enzymes variously called guanyl, guanylyl or guanylate cyclases that catalyze the conversion of guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and pyrophosphate. Intracellular cyclic GMP is a second messenger that modulates: platelet aggregation, neurotransmission, sexual arousal, gut peristalsis, blood pressure, long bone growth, intestinal fluid secretion, lipolysis, phototransduction, cardiac hypertrophy and oocyte maturation. This review briefly discusses the discovery of cGMP and guanylyl cyclases, then nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase are described in slightly greater detail. Finally, the structure, function, and regulation of the individual mammalian single membrane-spanning guanylyl cyclases GC-A, GC-B, GC-C, GC-D, GC-E, GC-F and GC-G are described in greatest detail as determined by biochemical, cell biological and gene-deletion studies.

• Authors: Lincoln R Potter
• Journal: Cellular signalling (Cell Signal) Vol. 23 Issue 12 Pg. 1921-6 (Dec 2011) ISSN: 1873-3913 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21914472 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Nitric Oxide
• Nitric Oxide Synthase
• Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled
• Cyclic GMP

Topics

• Amino Acid Motifs
• Animals
• Cyclic GMP (metabolism)
• Humans
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase (chemistry, metabolism)
• Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
• Protein Structure, Tertiary
• Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled (chemistry, genetics, metabolism)
• Signal Transduction