HOMEPRODUCTSCOMPANYCONTACTFAQResearchDictionaryPharmaSign Up FREE or Login

Innate immunity and adjuvants.

Abstract
Innate immunity was for a long time considered to be non-specific because the major function of this system is to digest pathogens and present antigens to the cells involved in acquired immunity. However, recent studies have shown that innate immunity is not non-specific, but is instead sufficiently specific to discriminate self from pathogens through evolutionarily conserved receptors, designated Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Indeed, innate immunity has a crucial role in early host defence against invading pathogens. Furthermore, TLRs were found to act as adjuvant receptors that create a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and to have important roles in the induction of adaptive immunity. This paradigm shift is now changing our thinking on the pathogenesis and treatment of infectious, immune and allergic diseases, as well as cancers. Besides TLRs, recent findings have revealed the presence of a cytosolic detector system for invading pathogens. I will review the mechanisms of pathogen recognition by TLRs and cytoplasmic receptors, and then discuss the roles of these receptors in the development of adaptive immunity in response to viral infection.
AuthorsShizuo Akira
JournalPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences (Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci) Vol. 366 Issue 1579 Pg. 2748-55 (Oct 12 2011) ISSN: 1471-2970 [Electronic] England
PMID21893536 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review)
Chemical References
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Cytokines
  • Influenza Vaccines
  • Lectins, C-Type
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
  • Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins
  • Toll-Like Receptors
Topics
  • Adaptive Immunity
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Animals
  • Cytokines (immunology)
  • Dendritic Cells (immunology)
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Influenza Vaccines (immunology)
  • Influenza, Human (immunology, virology)
  • Lectins, C-Type (immunology)
  • Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (immunology)
  • Nod Signaling Adaptor Proteins (immunology)
  • Orthomyxoviridae (immunology, pathogenicity)
  • Signal Transduction
  • Toll-Like Receptors (immunology)

Join CureHunter, for free Research Interface BASIC access!

Take advantage of free CureHunter research engine access to explore the best drug and treatment options for any disease. Find out why thousands of doctors, pharma researchers and patient activists around the world use CureHunter every day.
Realize the full power of the drug-disease research graph!


Choose Username:
Email:
Password:
Verify Password:
Enter Code Shown: