Postprandial
lipemia, low-grade systemic
inflammation, and endothelial activity are related to metabolic disorders. It is well known that dietary
fatty acid composition modulates postprandial
lipemia, but information on the other metabolic risk markers is limited. We therefore studied the acute effects of a meal rich in SFA compared with those of a meal rich in (n-6) PUFA on postprandial responses in
overweight men who are at an increased risk to develop the
metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. In a crossover design, the effects of 50 g butter (rich in SFA) on
lipemia and markers for
inflammation and endothelial activity were compared with those of 50 g
sunflower oil [rich in (n-6) PUFA] during an 8-h postprandial mixed meal tolerance test in 13
overweight men. Postprandial changes in serum TG were comparable between the meals (P = 0.38), except for a reduction in the incremental area under the curve (P = 0.046) in the late postprandial phase after (n-6) PUFA (125 ± 96 mmol⋅min⋅L(-1)) compared with SFA (148 ± 98 mmol⋅min⋅L(-1)). Compared with the SFA meal, the (n-6) PUFA meal decreased plasma
IL-6 (P = 0.003), TNFα (P = 0.005), soluble
TNF receptors I and II (sTNFr; P = 0.024 and P < 0.001, respectively), and soluble
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1; P = 0.030) concentrations. These results indicate that exchanging SFA from butterfat for (n-6) PUFA in a mixed meal may decrease postprandial
lipemia and concentrations of
IL-6, TNFα, sTNFr-I and -II, and sVCAM-1 in
overweight men.