Docosahexaenoic acid modulates in vitro the inflammation of celiac disease in intestinal epithelial cells via the inhibition of cPLA2.

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS:

The cytosolic phospolypase A(2) (cPLA(2)) - dependent release of arachidonic acid (AA) from the intra-epithelial lymphocytes plays a pivotal role in arming lymphocytes to cytolysis in the immune response of celiac disease. However, little is known about the role of enterocytes in releasing AA. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that counteracts many of the proinflammatory effect of AA. The aims of the present work were to evaluate if: 1) intestinal epithelial cells have a role in the celiac inflammation, releasing AA, and 2) if DHA is able to modulate the celiac inflammation, down-regulating the release of AA.

METHODS:

A human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2) was exposed to gliadin peptides (PT-gl) (500 μg/ml) and DHA (2 μg/ml), both alone and simultaneously up to 24 h.

RESULTS:

The exposure of those cells to PT-gl alone resulted in an increased AA release, cycloxygenase-2 expression, cPLA(2) activity and prostaglandin E(2) and interleukin-8 release in culture medium, whereas the simultaneous exposure of the cells to DHA and PT-gl prevented the above-mentioned increases.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that intestinal epithelial cells sustain the celiac inflammation, releasing AA when stimulated with gliadin and that DHA inhibits the AA release by these cells.

• Authors: Olimpia Vincentini, Maria Giovanna Quaranta, Marina Viora, Carlo Agostoni, Marco Silano
• Journal: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) (Clin Nutr) Vol. 30 Issue 4 Pg. 541-6 (Aug 2011) ISSN: 1532-1983 [Electronic] England
• PMID: 21421277 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Interleukin-8
• Peptide Fragments
• Docosahexaenoic Acids
• Arachidonic Acid
• Gliadin
• Cyclooxygenase 2
• PTGS2 protein, human
• Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic
• Dinoprostone

Topics

• Arachidonic Acid (metabolism)
• Blotting, Western
• Caco-2 Cells
• Celiac Disease (drug therapy)
• Cyclooxygenase 2 (genetics, metabolism)
• Dinoprostone (metabolism)
• Docosahexaenoic Acids (pharmacology)
• Down-Regulation
• Epithelial Cells (drug effects)
• Gliadin (metabolism)
• Humans
• Inflammation (drug therapy)
• Interleukin-8 (metabolism)
• Intestines (cytology)
• Peptide Fragments (metabolism)
• Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic (antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)