Abstract | BACKGROUND: Severe preamputation pain is associated with phantom limb pain (PLP) development in limb amputees. We investigated whether optimized perioperative analgesia reduces PLP at 6-month follow-up. METHODS: RESULTS: At 6 months, median (minimum-maximum) PLP and P values (intervention groups vs. control group) for the visual analog scale were as follows: 0 (0-20) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P = 0.001), 0 (0-42) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.014), 20 (0-40) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.532), 0 (0-30) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.008), and 20 (0-58) for controls. The values for the McGill Pain Questionnaire were as follows: 0 (0-7) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P < 0.001), 0 (0-9) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.003), 6 (0-11) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.208), 0 (0-9) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.003), and 7 (0-15) for controls. At 6 months, PLP was present in 1 of 13 Epi/Epi/Epi, 4 of 13 PCA/Epi/Epi, and 3 of 13 PCA/GA/PCA patients versus 9 of 12 control patients (P = 0.001, P = 0.027, and P = 0.009, respectively). Residual limb pain at 6 months was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months.
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Authors | Menelaos Karanikolas, Diamanto Aretha, Ioannis Tsolakis, Georgia Monantera, Panagiotis Kiekkas, Spyros Papadoulas, Robert A Swarm, Kriton S Filos |
Journal | Anesthesiology
(Anesthesiology)
Vol. 114
Issue 5
Pg. 1144-54
(May 2011)
ISSN: 1528-1175 [Electronic] United States |
PMID | 21368651
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)
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Topics |
- Aged
- Analgesia, Epidural
(methods)
- Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
(methods)
- Anesthesia, Epidural
- Anesthesia, General
- Chronic Disease
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Greece
(epidemiology)
- Humans
- Lower Extremity
(surgery)
- Male
- Pain Measurement
(methods, statistics & numerical data)
- Perioperative Care
(methods)
- Phantom Limb
(drug therapy, epidemiology)
- Prospective Studies
- Severity of Illness Index
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