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Insights into the conformational flexibility of Bruton's tyrosine kinase from multiple ligand complex structures.

Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a key role in B cell receptor signaling and is considered a promising drug target for lymphoma and inflammatory diseases. We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of BTK kinase domain in complex with six inhibitors from distinct chemical classes. Five different BTK protein conformations are stabilized by the bound inhibitors, providing insights into the structural flexibility of the Gly-rich loop, helix C, the DFG sequence, and activation loop. The conformational changes occur independent of activation loop phosphorylation and do not correlate with the structurally unchanged WEI motif in the Src homology 2-kinase domain linker. Two novel activation loop conformations and an atypical DFG conformation are observed representing unique inactive states of BTK. Two regions within the activation loop are shown to structurally transform between 3(10)- and α-helices, one of which collapses into the adenosine-5'-triphosphate binding pocket. The first crystal structure of a Tec kinase family member in the pharmacologically important DFG-out conformation and bound to a type II kinase inhibitor is described. The different protein conformations observed provide insights into the structural flexibility of BTK, the molecular basis of its regulation, and the structure-based design of specific inhibitors.
AuthorsAndreas Kuglstatter, April Wong, Stan Tsing, Simon W Lee, Yan Lou, Armando G Villaseñor, J Michael Bradshaw, David Shaw, Jim W Barnett, Michelle F Browner
JournalProtein science : a publication of the Protein Society (Protein Sci) Vol. 20 Issue 2 Pg. 428-36 (Feb 2011) ISSN: 1469-896X [Electronic] United States
PMID21280133 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright © 2010 The Protein Society.
Chemical References
  • N4-(2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-4H-pyrid(1,4)oxazin-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine
  • Oxazines
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyridines
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
  • Btk protein, mouse
Topics
  • Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
  • Animals
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
  • Oxazines (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors (chemistry, metabolism)
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (antagonists & inhibitors, chemistry, metabolism)
  • Pyridines (chemistry, metabolism)
  • X-Ray Diffraction

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