Polyethylene glycol modified, cross-linked starch-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced magnetic tumor targeting.

Abstract

While successful magnetic tumor targeting of iron oxide nanoparticles has been achieved in a number of models, the rapid blood clearance of magnetically suitable particles by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) limits their availability for targeting. This work aimed to develop a long-circulating magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (MNP) platform capable of sustained tumor exposure via the circulation and, thus, potentially enhanced magnetic tumor targeting. Aminated, cross-linked starch (DN) and aminosilane (A) coated MNPs were successfully modified with 5 kDa (A5, D5) or 20 kDa (A20, D20) polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains using simple N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry and characterized. Identical PEG-weight analogues between platforms (A5 & D5, A20 & D20) were similar in size (140-190 nm) and relative PEG labeling (1.5% of surface amines - A5/D5, 0.4% - A20/D20), with all PEG-MNPs possessing magnetization properties suitable for magnetic targeting. Candidate PEG-MNPs were studied in RES simulations in vitro to predict long-circulating character. D5 and D20 performed best showing sustained size stability in cell culture medium at 37 °C and 7 (D20) to 10 (D5) fold less uptake in RAW264.7 macrophages when compared to previously targeted, unmodified starch MNPs (D). Observations in vitro were validated in vivo, with D5 (7.29 h) and D20 (11.75 h) showing much longer half-lives than D (0.12 h). Improved plasma stability enhanced tumor MNP exposure 100 (D5) to 150 (D20) fold as measured by plasma AUC(0-∞). Sustained tumor exposure over 24 h was visually confirmed in a 9L-glioma rat model (12 mg Fe/kg) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings indicate that a polyethylene glycol modified, cross-linked starch-coated MNP is a promising platform for enhanced magnetic tumor targeting, warranting further study in tumor models.

• Authors: Adam J Cole, Allan E David, Jianxin Wang, Craig J Galbán, Hannah L Hill, Victor C Yang
• Journal: Biomaterials (Biomaterials) Vol. 32 Issue 8 Pg. 2183-93 (Mar 2011) ISSN: 1878-5905 [Electronic] Netherlands
• PMID: 21176955 (Publication Type: Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical References

• Biocompatible Materials
• Cross-Linking Reagents
• Ferric Compounds
• ferric oxide
• Polyethylene Glycols
• Starch

Topics

• Animals
• Biocompatible Materials (chemistry)
• Cell Line
• Cross-Linking Reagents (chemistry)
• Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
• Ferric Compounds (chemistry)
• Macrophages (cytology, metabolism)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (methods)
• Magnetics
• Male
• Materials Testing
• Metal Nanoparticles (chemistry)
• Mice
• Molecular Structure
• Neoplasms (pathology)
• Particle Size
• Polyethylene Glycols (chemistry)
• Rats
• Rats, Inbred F344
• Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
• Starch (chemistry)