Incineration of
industrial waste produces large quantities of
bottom ash which are normally sent to secured landfill, but is not a sustainable
solution. Use of
bottom ash in engineering applications will contribute to sustainability and generate revenue. One way of using the
industrial waste incineration
bottom ash is in controlled low-strength material (CLSM). Use of
bottom ash in CLSM has problems related to
bleeding and excessive strength development and so an additive has to be used to control
bleeding and strength development. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of
kaolin addition on the performance of CLSM made using
industrial waste incineration
bottom ash. CLSM mixes were made with
bottom ash, cement, and refined
kaolin. Various tests were performed on the CLSM in fresh and hardened states including compressive strength, water absorption, California bearing ratio (CBR) and the tests for concentration of leachable substances on the bleed and leachate. The compressive strength of CLSM tested ranged from 0.11 to 9.86 MPa. CBR values ranged from 6 to 46, and water absorption values from 12 to 36%. It was shown that the addition of
kaolin delayed the initial setting time of CLSM mixtures, reduced
bleeding, lowered the compressive strength, and increased the values of water absorption, sorption, and initial surface absorption. The CLSM tested did not have corrosivity. It was shown that the hardened CLSM was non hazardous, and the addition of
kaolin increased the concentration of
heavy metals and
salts in the bleed and leachate.