In 2007, the treatment of diabetes and its complications in the United States generated at least $116 billion in direct costs; at least 33% of these costs were linked to the treatment of
foot ulcers. Although the team approach to
diabetic foot problems is effective in preventing lower-extremity
amputations, the costs associated with implementing a
diabetic-foot-care team are not well understood. An analysis of these costs provides the basis for this report.
Diabetic foot problems impose a major economic burden, and costs increase disproportionately to the severity of the condition. Compared with diabetic patients without
foot ulcers, the cost of care for those with
foot ulcers is 5.4 times higher in the year after the first
ulcer episode and 2.8 times higher in the second year. Costs for treating the highest-grade
ulcers are 8 times higher than are those for treating low-grade
ulcers. Patients with
diabetic foot ulcers require more frequent emergency department visits and are more commonly admitted to the hospital, requiring longer lengths of stay. Implementation of the team approach to manage
diabetic foot ulcers in a given region or health-care system has been reported to reduce long-term
amputation rates 62% to 82%.
Limb salvage efforts may include aggressive
therapy such as revascularization procedures and advanced wound-healing modalities. Although these procedures are costly, the team approach gradually leads to improved screening and prevention programs and earlier interventions and, thus, seems to reduce long-term costs. To date, aggressive limb preservation management for patients with
diabetic foot ulcers has not usually been paired with adequate reimbursement. It is essential to direct efforts in patient-caregiver education to allow early recognition and management of all
diabetic foot problems and to build integrated pathways of care that facilitate timely access to
limb salvage procedures. Increasing evidence suggests that the costs of implementing
diabetic foot teams can be offset in the long term by improved access to care and reductions in foot complications and
amputation rates.